Human Capital and Decent Work: Venezuelan migrants in Peru as productive subjects the labor market the Case of Metropolitan Lima

The investment that countries make in their human capital is related to economic growth, due to its direct influence on increased productivity and development. In the last decade, Peru has received a wave of Venezuelan migrants seeking to join the workforce. Studies have pointed out the positive influence that Venezuelan migration has had on the GDP, but also the difficulty for the incorporation of workers in the labor market under decent work conditions. The objective of the study is to understand from the perspective of human capital, decent work and interculturality, the challenges faced by professional Venezuelan migrants to integrate, commit, participate and fully assert themselves in the society that hosts them, as citizens and subjects. productive in the labor market. The methodological approach used will be mixed, exploring reality from a holistic perspective, in Metropolitan Lima.

The extent to which immigrants benefit from an inclusive labor market depends on the structure and economic situation in the host countries (ILO, 2016). In Peru, in terms of access to the formal labor market, among the main barriers for Venezuelans are vulnerability – economic, social and legal – related to their migratory status and integration in the host site (Cequea et al., 2020 ), resulting from processes such as the validation of degrees obtained in their country, so jobs are predominantly informal (ACNUR, 2019; BBVA, 2019).

According to the ILO (2016), a major challenge for migrants stems from limited information on the labor market, the use of migrants' and refugees' skills, and the matching of supply and demand in the areas required by host countries. In the Peruvian context, Venezuelan immigration has modified the supply of productive factors in the economy (BBVA, 2019), highlighting their high educational level and qualifications, which has been positive for Peru and, at the same time, turned out to be a controversial issue.

When individuals experience a new culture, cues and information that have worked in the past are absent or may be misleading (Ang et al., 2010). Also, in culturally unfamiliar situations, other people's behaviors and perspectives may appear to be unusual or random. In this context, it is interesting to know the challenges they face as productive subjects, a culture and a society that is alien to them.