Monumentos y republicanismos en pugna: Una aproximación sociosemiótica al bicentenario

The main objective of this paper is to analyze how Lima became a City by erecting its sculptural monuments. For interpreting our findings, we use sociosemiotics to contrast the political independence process in Peru. Therefore, we made a historical tour focusing on the monuments as objectives- devices from the foundation of Lima (1535) to the celebrations for the bicentenary (2021) of its independence. The results show how the monuments narrate the passage, going through an i) oligarchic republicanism, an i) elites republicanism to the current iii) neoliberal republicanism, where someone can only demand rights as long as they have become consumers.