Abstract
The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
Original language | English |
---|---|
Pages (from-to) | 880-895 |
Number of pages | 16 |
Journal | Nature Human Behaviour |
Volume | 6 |
Issue number | 6 |
Early online date | 14 Apr 2022 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jun 2022 |
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In: Nature Human Behaviour, Vol. 6, No. 6, 06.2022, p. 880-895.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article (Contribution to Journal) › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample
AU - Bago, Bence
AU - Kovacs, Marton
AU - Protzko, John
AU - Nagy, Tamas
AU - Kekecs, Zoltan
AU - Palfi, Bence
AU - Adamkovic, Matus
AU - Adamus, Sylwia
AU - Albalooshi, Sumaya
AU - Albayrak-Aydemir, Nihan
AU - Alfian, Ilham N.
AU - Alper, Sinan
AU - Alvarez-Solas, Sara
AU - Alves, Sara G.
AU - Amaya, Santiago
AU - Andresen, Pia K.
AU - Anjum, Gulnaz
AU - Ansari, Daniel
AU - Arriaga, Patrícia
AU - Aruta, John Jamir Benzon R.
AU - Arvanitis, Alexios
AU - Babincak, Peter
AU - Barzykowski, Krystian
AU - Bashour, Bana
AU - Baskin, Ernest
AU - Batalha, Luisa
AU - Batres, Carlota
AU - Bavolar, Jozef
AU - Bayrak, Fatih
AU - Becker, Benjamin
AU - Becker, Maja
AU - Belaus, Anabel
AU - Białek, Michał
AU - Bilancini, Ennio
AU - Boller, Daniel
AU - Boncinelli, Leonardo
AU - Boudesseul, Jordane
AU - Brown, Benjamin T.
AU - Buchanan, Erin M.
AU - Butt, Muhammad M.
AU - Calvillo, Dustin P.
AU - Carnes, Nate C.
AU - Celniker, Jared B.
AU - Chartier, Christopher R.
AU - Chopik, William J.
AU - Chotikavan, Poom
AU - Chuan-Peng, Hu
AU - Clancy, Rockwell F.
AU - Çoker, Ogeday
AU - Correia, Rita C.
AU - Adoric, Vera Cubela
AU - Cubillas, Carmelo P.
AU - Czoschke, Stefan
AU - Daryani, Yalda
AU - de Grefte, Job A.M.
AU - de Vries, Wieteke C.
AU - Burak, Elif G.Demirag
AU - Dias, Carina
AU - Dixson, Barnaby J.W.
AU - Du, Xinkai
AU - Dumančić, Francesca
AU - Dumbravă, Andrei
AU - Dutra, Natalia B.
AU - Enachescu, Janina
AU - Esteban-Serna, Celia
AU - Eudave, Luis
AU - Evans, Thomas R.
AU - Feldman, Gilad
AU - Felisberti, Fatima M.
AU - Fiedler, Susann
AU - Findor, Andrej
AU - Fleischmann, Alexandra
AU - Foroni, Francesco
AU - Francová, Radka
AU - Frank, Darius Aurel
AU - Fu, Cynthia H.Y.
AU - Gao, Shan
AU - Ghasemi, Omid
AU - Ghazi-Noori, Ali Reza
AU - Ghossainy, Maliki E.
AU - Giammusso, Isabella
AU - Gill, Tripat
AU - Gjoneska, Biljana
AU - Gollwitzer, Mario
AU - Graton, Aurélien
AU - Grinberg, Maurice
AU - Groyecka-Bernard, Agata
AU - Harris, Elizabeth A.
AU - Hartanto, Andree
AU - Hassan, Widad A.N.M.
AU - Hatami, Javad
AU - Heimark, Katrina R.
AU - Hidding, Jasper J.J.
AU - Hristova, Evgeniya
AU - Hruška, Matej
AU - Hudson, Charlotte A.
AU - Huskey, Richard
AU - Ikeda, Ayumi
AU - Inbar, Yoel
AU - Ingram, Gordon P.D.
AU - Isler, Ozan
AU - Isloi, Chris
AU - Iyer, Aishwarya
AU - Jaeger, Bastian
AU - Janssen, Steve M.J.
AU - Jiménez-Leal, William
AU - Jokić, Biljana
AU - Kačmár, Pavol
AU - Kadreva, Veselina
AU - Kaminski, Gwenaël
AU - Karimi-Malekabadi, Farzan
AU - Kasper, Arno T.A.
AU - Kendrick, Keith M.
AU - Kennedy, Bradley J.
AU - Kocalar, Halil E.
AU - Kodapanakkal, Rabia I.
AU - Kowal, Marta
AU - Kruse, Elliott
AU - Kučerová, Lenka
AU - Kühberger, Anton
AU - Kuzminska, Anna O.
AU - Lalot, Fanny
AU - Lamm, Claus
AU - Lammers, Joris
AU - Lange, Elke B.
AU - Lantian, Anthony
AU - Lau, Ivy Y.M.
AU - Lazarevic, Ljiljana B.
AU - Leliveld, Marijke C.
AU - Lenz, Jennifer N.
AU - Levitan, Carmel A.
AU - Lewis, Savannah C.
AU - Li, Manyu
AU - Li, Yansong
AU - Li, Haozheng
AU - Lima, Tiago J.S.
AU - Lins, Samuel
AU - Liuzza, Marco Tullio
AU - Lopes, Paula
AU - Lu, Jackson G.
AU - Lynds, Trent
AU - Máčel, Martin
AU - Mackinnon, Sean P.
AU - Maganti, Madhavilatha
AU - Magraw-Mickelson, Zoe
AU - Magson, Leon F.
AU - Manley, Harry
AU - Marcu, Gabriela M.
AU - Seršić, Darja Masli
AU - Matibag, Celine Justine
AU - Mattiassi, Alan D.A.
AU - Mazidi, Mahdi
AU - McFall, Joseph P.
AU - McLatchie, Neil
AU - Mensink, Michael C.
AU - Miketta, Lena
AU - Milfont, Taciano L.
AU - Mirisola, Alberto
AU - Misiak, Michal
AU - Mitkidis, Panagiotis
AU - Moeini-Jazani, Mehrad
AU - Monajem, Arash
AU - Moreau, David
AU - Musser, Erica D.
AU - Narhetali, Erita
AU - Ochoa, Danielle P.
AU - Olsen, Jerome
AU - Owsley, Nicholas C.
AU - Özdoğru, Asil A.
AU - Panning, Miriam
AU - Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta
AU - Parashar, Neha
AU - Pärnamets, Philip
AU - Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola
AU - Parzuchowski, Michal
AU - Paterlini, Julia V.
AU - Pavlacic, Jeffrey M.
AU - Peker, Mehmet
AU - Peters, Kim
AU - Piatnitckaia, Liudmila
AU - Pinto, Isabel
AU - Policarpio, Monica Renee
AU - Pop-Jordanova, Nada
AU - Pratama, Annas J.
AU - Primbs, Maximilian A.
AU - Pronizius, Ekaterina
AU - Purić, Danka
AU - Puvia, Elisa
AU - Qamari, Vahid
AU - Qian, Kun
AU - Quiamzade, Alain
AU - Ráczová, Beáta
AU - Reinero, Diego A.
AU - Reips, Ulf Dietrich
AU - Reyna, Cecilia
AU - Reynolds, Kimberly
AU - Ribeiro, Matheus F.F.
AU - Röer, Jan P.
AU - Ross, Robert M.
AU - Roussos, Petros
AU - Ruiz-Dodobara, Fernando
AU - Ruiz-Fernandez, Susana
AU - Rutjens, Bastiaan T.
AU - Rybus, Katarzyna
AU - Samekin, Adil
AU - Santos, Anabela C.
AU - Say, Nicolas
AU - Schild, Christoph
AU - Schmidt, Kathleen
AU - Ścigała, Karolina A.
AU - Sharifian, Mohammad Hasan
AU - Shi, Jiaxin
AU - Shi, Yaoxi
AU - Sievers, Erin
AU - Sirota, Miroslav
AU - Slipenkyj, Michael
AU - Solak, Çağlar
AU - Sorokowska, Agnieszka
AU - Sorokowski, Piotr
AU - Söylemez, Sinem
AU - Steffens, Niklas K.
AU - Stephen, Ian D.
AU - Sternisko, Anni
AU - Stevens-Wilson, Laura
AU - Stewart, Suzanne L.K.
AU - Stieger, Stefan
AU - Storage, Daniel
AU - Strube, Justine
AU - Susa, Kyle J.
AU - Szekely-Copîndean, Raluca D.
AU - Szostak, Natalia M.
AU - Takwin, Bagus
AU - Tatachari, Srinivasan
AU - Thomas, Andrew G.
AU - Tiede, Kevin E.
AU - Tiong, Lucas E.
AU - Tonković, Mirjana
AU - Trémolière, Bastien
AU - Tunstead, Lauren V.
AU - Türkan, Belgüzar N.
AU - Twardawski, Mathias
AU - Vadillo, Miguel A.
AU - Vally, Zahir
AU - Vaughn, Leigh Ann
AU - Verschuere, Bruno
AU - Vlašiček, Denis
AU - Voracek, Martin
AU - Vranka, Marek A.
AU - Wang, Shuzhen
AU - West, Skye Loren
AU - Whyte, Stephen
AU - Wilton, Leigh S.
AU - Wlodarczyk, Anna
AU - Wu, Xue
AU - Xin, Fei
AU - Yadanar, Su
AU - Yama, Hiroshi
AU - Yamada, Yuki
AU - Yilmaz, Onurcan
AU - Yoon, Sangsuk
AU - Young, Danielle M.
AU - Zakharov, Ilya
AU - Zein, Rizqy A.
AU - Zettler, Ingo
AU - Žeželj, Iris L.
AU - Zhang, Don C.
AU - Zhang, Jin
AU - Zheng, Xiaoxiao
AU - Hoekstra, Rink
AU - Aczel, Balazs
N1 - Funding Information: M.A. Vadillo was supported by 2016-T1/SOC-1395 and 2020-5A/SOC-19723 from Comunidad de Madrid, PSI2017-85159-P from AEI and UE/FEDER. M.P.-C. was supported by 2017/01/X/HS6/01332 from the National Science Centre, Poland. P.M. was supported by Aarhus University Research Foundation (AUFF), starting grant: AUFF-E-2019-9-4. B. Bago was supported by ANR grant ANR-17-EURE-0010 (Investissements d’Avenir programme) and ANR Labex IAST. R.M.R. was supported by the Australian Research Council (DP180102384). N.B.D. was supported by CAPES grant no. 88887.364180/2019-00. C.S., K.A.Ś. and I. Zettler were supported by the Carlsberg Foundation (CF16-0444) and the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7024-00057B). J.L. was supported by EXC 2126/1–390838866 under Germany’s Excellence Strategy. K.B. was supported by the following grants from the National Science Centre, Poland: (1) while working on the data collection, no. 2015/19/D/HS6/00641, (2) while working on the final version of the paper, no. 2019/35/B/HS6/00528. A.W. was supported by FONDECYT 11190980, CONICYT. A. Fleischmann was supported by the German Research Foundation (research unit grant FOR-2150, LA 3566/1-2). H.Y. was supported by JSPS grant 18K03010. Y.Y. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (16H03079, 17H00875, 18K12015 and 20H04581). K.Q. was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (17H06342, 20K03479 and 20KK0054). A. Ikeda was supported by JSPS KAKENHI (20J21976). K.M.K. was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant no. 31530032 and Key Technological Projects of Guangdong Province grant no. 2018B030335001. J.B.C. was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship grant no. DGE-1839285. M. Parzuchowski, K. Rybus and N.M.S. were supported by Polish National Science Center and DFG Beethoven grant 2016/23/G/HS6/01775. A.C.S. was supported by Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology grant no. SFRH/BD/126304/2016. L. Boncinelli was supported by PRIN 2017 grant no. 20178293XT (Italian Ministry of Education and Research). M.F.F.R. was supported by PSA 006 BRA 008 Data Collection in Support of PSADM 001 Measurement Invariance Project. M. Misiak was supported by a scholarship from the Foundation for Polish Science (START) and by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2020/36/T/HS6/00256). P.B. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-18-0140. M.A. was supported by Slovak Research and Development Agency project no. APVV-17-0418 and project PRIMUS/20/HUM/009. A. Findor and M.H. were supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract no. APVV-17-0596. T.G. was supported by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (no. 950-224884). P.P. was supported by the Swedish Research Council (2016-06793). Y.L. was supported by The Project of Philosophy and Social Science Research in Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (grant no. 2020SJA0017). M. Kowal was supported by a scholarship from the National Science Centre (2019/33/N/HS6/00054). P.A. was supported by UID/PSI/03125/2019 from the Portuguese National Foundation for Science and Technology. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
PY - 2022/6
Y1 - 2022/6
N2 - The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
AB - The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem). Our knowledge is limited concerning both the universality of these effects outside the United States and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors affecting moral judgements. Thus, we empirically tested the universality of the effects of intent and personal force on moral dilemma judgements by replicating the experiments of Greene et al. in 45 countries from all inhabited continents. We found that personal force and its interaction with intention exert influence on moral judgements in the US and Western cultural clusters, replicating and expanding the original findings. Moreover, the personal force effect was present in all cultural clusters, suggesting it is culturally universal. The evidence for the cultural universality of the interaction effect was inconclusive in the Eastern and Southern cultural clusters (depending on exclusion criteria). We found no strong association between collectivism/individualism and moral dilemma judgements.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85128090286&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-022-01319-5#Sec3
UR - https://psyarxiv.com/9uaqm/
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/1747dd43-8d47-3a0a-bacf-f83475d82bc8/
U2 - 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
DO - 10.1038/s41562-022-01319-5
M3 - Artículo (Contribución a Revista)
AN - SCOPUS:85128090286
SN - 2397-3374
VL - 6
SP - 880
EP - 895
JO - Nature Human Behaviour
JF - Nature Human Behaviour
IS - 6
ER -