TY - JOUR
T1 - Insights into the Effects of Crack Abuse on the Human Metabolome Using a NMR Approach
AU - Costa, Tássia B.B.C.
AU - Lacerda, Acioly L.T.
AU - Mas, Caroline Dal
AU - Brietzke, Elisa
AU - Pontes, Joao G.M.
AU - Marins, Lucas A.N.
AU - Martins, Lucas G.
AU - Nunes, Marcel V.
AU - Pedrini, Mariana
AU - Carvalho, Michelle S.C.
AU - Mitrovitch, Milan P.
AU - Hayashi, Mirian A.F.
AU - Saldanha, Natália L.
AU - Poppi, Ronei J.
AU - Tasic, Ljubica
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2018 American Chemical Society.
PY - 2019/1/4
Y1 - 2019/1/4
N2 - Approximately 255 million people consume illicit drugs every year, among which 18 million use cocaine. A portion of this drug is represented by crack, but it is difficult to estimate the number of users since most are marginalized. However, there are no recognized efficacious pharmacotherapies for crack-cocaine dependence. Inflammation and infection in cocaine users may be due to behavior adopted in conjunction with drug-related changes in the brain. To understand the metabolic changes associated with the drug abuse disorder and identify biomarkers, we performed a 1 H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of 44 crack users' and 44 healthy volunteers' blood serum. The LDA model achieved 98% of accuracy. From the water suppressed 1 H NMR spectra analyses, it was observed that the relative concentration of lactate was higher in the crack group, while long chain fatty acid acylated carnitines were decreased, which was associated with their nutritional behavior. Analyses of the aromatic region of CPMG 1 H NMR spectra demonstrated histidine and tyrosine levels increased in the blood serum of crack users. The reduction of carnitine and acylcarnitines and the accumulation of histidine in the serum of the crack users suggest that histamine biosynthesis is compromised. The tyrosine level points to altered dopamine concentration.
AB - Approximately 255 million people consume illicit drugs every year, among which 18 million use cocaine. A portion of this drug is represented by crack, but it is difficult to estimate the number of users since most are marginalized. However, there are no recognized efficacious pharmacotherapies for crack-cocaine dependence. Inflammation and infection in cocaine users may be due to behavior adopted in conjunction with drug-related changes in the brain. To understand the metabolic changes associated with the drug abuse disorder and identify biomarkers, we performed a 1 H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of 44 crack users' and 44 healthy volunteers' blood serum. The LDA model achieved 98% of accuracy. From the water suppressed 1 H NMR spectra analyses, it was observed that the relative concentration of lactate was higher in the crack group, while long chain fatty acid acylated carnitines were decreased, which was associated with their nutritional behavior. Analyses of the aromatic region of CPMG 1 H NMR spectra demonstrated histidine and tyrosine levels increased in the blood serum of crack users. The reduction of carnitine and acylcarnitines and the accumulation of histidine in the serum of the crack users suggest that histamine biosynthesis is compromised. The tyrosine level points to altered dopamine concentration.
KW - H NMR
KW - blood serum
KW - cocaine
KW - illicit drugs use
KW - metabolomics
KW - metabonomics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85059587694&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00646
DO - 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00646
M3 - Artículo (Contribución a Revista)
C2 - 30387359
AN - SCOPUS:85059587694
SN - 1535-3893
VL - 18
SP - 341
EP - 348
JO - Journal of Proteome Research
JF - Journal of Proteome Research
IS - 1
ER -