LA POLIACROASIS SINECDÓQUICA Y LA ANTITÉTICA EN LA POESÍA HISPANOAMERICANA. CINCO CASOS REPRESENTATIVOS

The authors take up the concept, formulated by Tomás Albaladejo, of polyacroasis or multiple audition, and distinguish, for the first time, two kinds of polyacroasis: synecdochic and antithetic. This typology is then applied to the analysis of poems by five 20th century Spanish-American authors: César Vallejo, Pablo Neruda, Octavio Paz, Wáshington Delgado and Rossella Di Paolo. The article is based on Zygmunt Bauman’s concept of dreamed community and Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyteca's concept of notions of dissociations. Likewise, two types of speaker are distinguished: the character and the non-character. In the same way, the authors differentiate two types of allocutionaries: the represented and the non-represented. Polyacroasis, in the literary representation within a poem, supposes the functioning of a speaker-character who addresses two or more represented allocutionaries. Undoubtedly, synecdochic polyacroasis implies that the represented allocutionaries form an imagined community and, in such a case, the part-whole relationship is revealed. On the other hand, antithetical polyacroasis shows that there is an oppositional link between the represented allocutionaries.