Methodological framework for integrating structural health monitoring and digital-twin models for seismic assessment of heritage buildings: Case study of Basilica Maria Auxiliadora, Lima, Peru

This study proposes a methodological framework for integrating structural health monitoring (SHM) systems with numerical digital twin (DT) models for the seismic assessment of heritage structures. This approach is being implemented within smart cities, focusing on intelligent circular resilience. The process begins in the physical world by recording data through strategically placed sensors distributed throughout the evaluated structures. Afterwards, the virtual world refers to the development of numerical models that capture the structural performance of the building while considering specific features to simulate the original one. The interconnection of both sides requires exhaustive and detailed cross-validation to ensure an established level of reliability, often based on the expected accuracy and limitations. Nevertheless, extending this process to heritage buildings demands a more sophisticated approach, designed to identify and classify discrete damage levels, and involves establishing proper threshold limits for an early warning/alarm system. This paper presents a methodology focused on the virtual implementation of these processes, aiming to integrate such technologies effectively. The case study is a religious monument that has been standing for over a century, located in a high seismic hazard zone in Lima, Peru. Numerical models were developed using 3DEC and SAP2000 software to capture the building's dynamic response, including modal and time-history analyses for a set of 34 seismic ground motion records. The results were used to identify susceptible zones and the location of sensors. Further recommendations address the challenges encountered in implementing this approach and outline the next steps, including sensor deployment and validation against experimental models.